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TELECOM Digest Thu, 22 Sep 2005 14:42:00 EDT Volume 24 : Issue 433 Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson Vonage Urged to Consider Sale, Float (Reuters News Wire) Intel Sees Wimax Trials in Asia by End of 2005 (Jennifer Tan) Houston/Galveston Residents Urged to Flee as Rita Nears (Alicia Caldwell) Cellular-News for Thursday 22nd September 2005 (Cellular-News) Verizon Signs Disney for Television Service (US Telecom Daily Lead) Re: SBC Cutting Work Force; Blames Competition (tkrill) Re: Louisiana Official Caught Ripping Off Donations (DevilsPGD) Re: Roaming Charges (J Kelly) Telecom and VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) Digest for the Internet. All contents here are copyrighted by Patrick Townson and the individual writers/correspondents. Articles may be used in other journals or newsgroups, provided the writer's name and the Digest are included in the fair use quote. By using -any name or email address- included herein for -any- reason other than responding to an article herein, you agree to pay a hundred dollars to the recipients of the email. =========================== Addresses herein are not to be added to any mailing list, nor to be sold or given away without explicit written consent. Chain letters, viruses, porn, spam, and miscellaneous junk are definitely unwelcome. We must fight spam for the same reason we fight crime: not because we are naive enough to believe that we will ever stamp it out, but because we do not want the kind of world that results when no one stands against crime. Geoffrey Welsh =========================== See the bottom of this issue for subscription and archive details and the name of our lawyer; other stuff of interest. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Reuters News Wire <reuters@telecom-digest.org> Subject: Vonage Urged to Consider Sale, Float, According to Financial Times Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 11:34:10 -0500 Vonage Holdings Corp., which provides residential phone services over the Internet, is being urged to consider a sale while it presses ahead with plans for a public float, the Financial Times reported on Thursday. Citing people familiar with the matter, the Financial Times said UBS and Deutsche Bank, the investment banks chosen by Vonage to underwrite its stock market listing, have been suggesting the company pursue a "parallel process." This would involve seeking out or responding to expressions of interest from potential buyers while moving forward with plans to raise up to $600 million from a listing. A takeover agreement struck last week for auction Web site EBay Inc. to buy Internet phone-calling phenomenon Skype for up to $4.1 billion has lead to suggestions that Vonage could also fetch a generous price in a sale. Analysts have estimated that Vonage, which is based in New Jersey, is worth between $1 billion and $1.5 billion, the newspaper said. Vonage provides discounted local and long-distance phone services to about 800,000 households, making it the largest U.S. Internet-based phone company. Copyright 2005 Reuters Limited. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. For other news of interest go to http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/newstoday.html ------------------------------ From: Jennifer Tan <reuters@telecom-digest.org> Subject: Intel Sees Wimax Trials in Asia End of 2005 Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 11:36:17 -0500 By Jennifer Tan Intel Corp., the world's largest microchip maker, said on Thursday it expected to implement trials of the emerging wireless broadband technology called "WiMax" in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines by year-end. Intel, which makes the microprocessor chips that function as the brains of over 80 percent of the world's personal computers, has been the driving force behind the deployment of WiMax, a wireless data network that promises to blanket entire cities with high-speed Internet links. "The trials of the technology are starting now, and we see (commercial) roll-out worldwide over the next two to three years," Sean Maloney, the head of Intel's mobility unit, told Reuters. "But it's patchy -- some places will be faster than others." Indonesia and Vietnam would be next in line to try out the technology next year, he added. Intel has carried out trials with 100 telecoms carriers globally, with 25 in the Asia Pacific region. It is also helping South Korea's top fixed-line and broadband operator KT Corp. set up WiMax in its domestic market. South Korea is set to be the leader in WiMax, with commercial roll-out seen in the first half of next year, Maloney added. BANKING ON WIMAX In a bid to grow beyond the PC box, Intel has spent millions investing in emerging technologies like WiMax, touting it as the long-distance broadband Internet sibling of Wi-Fi, the wireless computer standard popularized in coffee bars and restaurants. The company, which has been punished by investors for its close ties to the highly cyclical PC market, can no longer count on computer demand to expand at the same rapid clip as before. Intel, which competes with smaller rival, Advanced Micro Devices Inc., also plans to build WiMax chips into laptop chipsets, just like it started selling Wi-Fi chips as a part of its Centrino range of notebook computers two years ago. "WiMax will be one of those growth avenues, and everything to do with mobile computing as well," Maloney said. "Sales of notebooks, PCs and general computer infrastructure following WiMax will benefit Intel -- if you enable more and more people to get connected to the Internet, it's likely more people will end up buying computers." Maloney said Intel would usually work with the regulator or government in each country, as well as some of the largest telecoms carriers and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). It is working with True Corp., which owns TA Orange PCL, Thailand's third-largest mobile operator, and Telekom Malaysia, the country's dominant phone company. Leighton Phillips, director of Intel's Southeast Asia solutions group, said the company was engaging with five government agencies and three companies in Thailand, which would provide a critical mass to implement wireless broadband services for the rural population. Intel believes WiMax can facilitate better education, healthcare, agricultural productivity and incomes, he added. "About 65 to 70 percent of the community is rural suburban in Southeast Asia -- about 300 million people, which is a little bit less than the U.S., and for a government that's interested in economic development, this is high on the agenda," he said. Copyright 2005 Reuters Limited. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. Get aquainted with Telecom Digest Extra at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra ------------------------------ From: Alicia A. Caldwell <ap@telecom-digest.org> Subject: Houston/Galveston Residents Urged to Flee from Rita Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 11:26:00 -0500 By ALICIA A. CALDWELL, Associated Press Writer 11 minutes ago Traffic came to a standstill and gas shortages were reported Thursday as hundreds of thousands of people in the Houston metropolitan area rushed to get out of the path of Hurricane Rita, a monster storm with 165 mph winds. As residents of the area tried to make phone calls to family and friends to tell them about their arrival, they also found the phone system nearly useless on Wednesday and Thursday. More than 1.3 million residents in Texas and Louisiana were under orders to evacuate to avoid a deadly repeat of Katrina. The Category 5 storm weakened slightly Thursday morning, and forecasters said it could lose more steam by the time it comes ashore late Friday or early Saturday. But it could still be an extremely dangerous hurricane -- one aimed straight at a section of coastline with the nation's biggest concentration of oil refineries. "Don't follow the example of Katrina and wait. No one will come and get you during the storm," Harris County Judge Robert Eckels said in Houston. Busses are leaving now, get on board or take your own cars. In New Orleans, meanwhile, Rita's outer bands brought the first rain to the city since Rita, raising fears that the patched-up levees could give way and cause a new round of flooding. Highways leading inland out of Houston were clogged with bumper-to-bumper traffic for up to 100 miles north of the city. Gas stations were reported to be running out of gas. Shoppers emptied grocery store shelves of spaghetti, tuna and other nonperishable items. Hotels hundreds of miles inland filled up. Police officers along the highways carried gasoline to help motorists who ran out. To speed the evacuation out of the nation's fourth-largest city, Gov. Rick Perry ordered a halt to all southbound traffic into Houston along Interstate 45 and took the unprecedented stop of directing the opening all eight lanes to northbound traffic out of the city for 125 miles. I-45 is the primary evacuation route north from Houston and Galveston. Trazanna Moreno tried to leave Houston for the 225-mile trip to Dallas on U.S. 90 but turned back after getting stuck in traffic. "We ended up going six miles in two hours and 45 minutes," said Moreno, whose neighborhood is not expected to flood. "It could be that if we ended up stranded in the middle of nowhere that we'd be in a worse position in a car dealing with hurricane-force winds than we would in our house. With traffic at a dead halt, fathers and sons got out of their cars and played catch on freeway medians. Others stood next to their cars, videotaping the scene, or walked between vehicles, chatting with people along the way. Tow trucks tried to wend their way along the shoulders, pulling stalled cars out of the way. Hotels hours inland filled up, all the way to the Oklahoma and Arkansas line. John Decker, 47, decided to board up his home and hunker down because he could not find a hotel room. "I've been calling since yesterday morning all the way up to about 1 this morning. No vacancies anywhere," he said. "I checked all the way from here to Del Rio to Eagle Pass. I called as far as Lufkin, San Marcos, San Angelo. The only place I didn't call was El Paso. By the time you reach El Paso, it's almost time to turn back." At 11 a.m. EDT, Rita was centered about 460 miles southeast of Galveston and was moving at near 9 mph. It winds were 165 mph, down slightly from 175 mph earlier in the day. Forecasters predicted it would come ashore somewhere between the Houston-Galveston area and western Louisiana. Baytown and Texas City were also braced for the worst, as was Beaumont. Hurricane-force winds extended 85 miles from the center of the storm, and even a slight rightward turn could prove devastating to the Katrina-fractured levees protecting New Orleans. Engineers rushed to fix the city's pumps and fortify its levees. Forecasters said Rita could be the strongest hurricane on record ever to hit Texas. Only three Category 5 hurricanes, the highest on the scale, are known to have hit the U.S. mainland -- most recently, Andrew, which smashed South Florida in 1992. Katrina was technically not as bad; it dropped to Category 4 when it actually landed. Experts are divided in their opinions on whether Rita will also decrease in ferocity a little when it reaches the shore. The U.S. mainland has never been hit by both a Category 4 and a Category 5 in the same season. Katrina came ashore Aug. 29 as a Category 4 hurricane, and until last week, Rita was a Category 2 storm for awhile, as an illustration of how these storms can both build up in intensity and slack off within a few days at sea. Galveston, Corpus Christi and surrounding Nueces County, low-lying parts of Houston, and mostly emptied-out New Orleans were under mandatory evacuation orders as Rita swirled across the Gulf of Mexico, drawing energy with terrifying efficiency from its warm waters. "It's not worth staying here," said Celia Martinez as she and several relatives finished packing up their homes and pets. "Life is more important than things." Along the Gulf Coast, federal, state and local officials heeded the bitter lessons of Katrina: Hundreds of buses were dispatched to evacuate the poor. Hospital and nursing home patients were cleared out. And truckloads of water, ice and ready-made meals, and rescue and medical teams were put on standby. "Now is not a time for warnings. Now is a time for action," Houston Mayor Bill White said. He added: "There is no good place to put a shelter that could take a direct hit from a Category 5 hurricane. I don't want anybody out there watching this and thinking that somebody is bound to open a local school for me on Friday, not with a hurricane packing these kinds of winds; consider New Orleans. (Mayor) Ragin thought their arena should hold up okay. Look how it got after two or three days. We are not even going to try that approach. Just get out now! Buses are loading and pulling out every few minutes." Galveston was a virtual ghost town by late Wednesday. The coastal city of 58,000 -- situated on an island 8 feet above sea level -- was nearly wiped off the map in 1900 when an unnamed hurricane killed between 6,000 and 12,000 in what is still the nation's deadliest natural disaster. City Manager Steve LeBlanc said the storm surge from Rita could reach 50 feet. Galveston is protected by a nearly 11-mile-long granite seawall 17 feet tall. "Not a good picture for us," LeBlanc said. In Houston, the state's largest city and home to the highest concentration of Katrina refugees, geography makes evacuation particularly tricky. While many hurricane-prone cities are right on the coast, Houston is 60 miles inland, so a coastal suburban area of 2 million people must evacuate through a metropolitan area of 4 million people where the freeways are often clogged under the best of circumstances. Galveston Mayor Lyda Ann Thomas said buses used to take people and their pets off the island were running in short supply Wednesday and warned that stragglers could be left to fend for themselves. She warned, "Don't miss the last bus; better get started now. No telling if we will have any phone service next week if you then decide you want help." Meanwhile, the death toll from Katrina passed the 1,000 mark Wednesday in five Gulf Coast states. The body count in Louisiana alone was put at nearly 800, with most of the corpses found in the receding floodwaters of New Orleans. Crude oil prices rose again on fears that Rita would destroy key oil installations in Texas and the gulf. Hundreds of workers were evacuated from offshore oil rigs. Texas, the heart of U.S. crude production, accounts for 25 percent of the nation's total oil output. Rita is the 17th named storm of the Atlantic hurricane season, making this the fourth-busiest season since record-keeping started in 1851. The record is 21 tropical storms in 1933. The hurricane season is not over until Nov. 30. Associated Press writers Deborah Hastings and Juan A. Lozano in Houston, Lynn Brezosky in Corpus Christi and Pam Easton in Galveston contributed to this report. On the Net: National Hurricane Center: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov Copyright 2005 The Associated Press. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. More AP News headlines at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/AP.html ------------------------------ Subject: Cellular-News for Thursday 22nd September 2005 Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 07:40:26 -0500 From: Cellular-News <dailydigest@cellular-news.com> Cellular-News - http://www.cellular-news.com UK Mobile Content Market Worth Over US$1 Billion http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14147.php A new report from MINTEL finds that the UK's mobile phone junkies set to blow a massive US$1.3 billion on phone downloads this year alone, some eighteen times the US$72 million spent in 2002.... Court Rules SMS Spam is Illegal http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14148.php An Arizona appellate court has ruled that sending automated SMS adverts to mobile phones breaches an old 1991 federal law than bans telecoms autodialers from making outbound calls to phones. The court ruled that as the f... China Mobile Orders Mediation Platform http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14149.php Intec has signed a contract with Beijing Mobile, a subsidiary of China Mobile, to adopt its multi-service convergent mediation solution, Inter-mediatE. Intec will partner with HP China to undertake system integration for... TD-CDMA Used to Connect WiFi Hotspots on Trains http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14150.php IPWireless has announced UMTS RailLink, a new network solution that allows operators to offer high-speed broadband connectivity and WiFi access even in the world's fastest trains. Passengers will be able to use their WiF... Ericsson Wins Israeli 3G Contract http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14151.php Israel's GSM network operator, Partner Communications, which trades under the Orange brand name has announced that Ericsson has been selected as the second vendor to supply it with 3G UMTS/HSDPA infrastructure equipment.... NEC Launch Worlds Thinnest Clamshell Phone http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14152.php NEC has launched what it says is the world's thinnest fold-Type mobile phone with mega-pixel camera on the Hong Kong market. Following this, the ultra-thin model will also be introduced in Italy, Russia, Australia and Ch... Crazy Frog Ringtones Firm Loses Legal Action http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14153.php The company behind "that annoying thing" - namely the crazy frog ringtone has lost a UK court action to prevent publication of a negative statement about the company's advertising practices. The UK's Advertising Standard... Mobile Music to Breakout Next Year http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14154.php The convergence of digital music and mobile phones is likely to develop at a steady pace according to a new report published by The NPD Group. The report, which explores consumer demand for mobile music, is based on a su... Calls for Tighter Controls on Phone Use While Driving http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14155.php The USA's National Transportation Safety Board has urged individual States to prohibit inexperienced teenaged drivers from using wireless communications devices while they are learning to drive. The NTSB notes that road ... T-Mobile Wins 20 Millionth Customer in the USA http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14156.php T-Mobile USA has now has surpassed 20 million wireless customers, having doubled its customer base during the past 10 quarters. The company credits this achievement in part to the success it has had in delivering on its ... Secrets on Mobiles Revealed When You're in the Bathroom http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14157.php Two out of three people read their partner's SMS messages, almost nine out of ten have flirted with someone by SMS, and 6% feel it is alright to break up with someone by sending an SMS message. These are some of the find... Battery Life Still a Concern for Mobile Phone Users http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14158.php Two-thirds of mobile phone and PDA users rate 'two-days of battery life during active use' as the most important feature of an ideal converged device of the future, according to a new study by TNS. The study, conducted a... Lawsuit Decision Threatens US Prepaid Wireless Market - report http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14159.php Yankee Group says that the May 2005 decision against Boston Communications Group (BCGI) and its codefendants, Cingular Wireless and Western Wireless -- and the subsequent US$128 million awarded to the plaintiff, Freedom Wi... Orange Launches New SPV To Lead Business Device Range http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14140.php Orange, the mobile arm of France Telecom SA (FTE), Wednesday launched its newest SPV handset, which will spearhead its mobile device range for the business market. ... Nokia: Vodafone To Use Nokia 6680 In Japanese Lineup http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14141.php Finland's Nokia Oyj (NOK) said Wednesday that the Nokia 6680 device will be available through Vodafone K.K. in Japan. ... Hong Kong Telecom Regulator Seeks Views On Unified License http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14142.php Hong Kong's telecommunications regulator is seeking the public's view on the introduction of a unified license for fixed and mobile telecom services, as new technologies point toward convergence of the two types of servi... EU Proposes Rules Requiring Telecoms Cos To Store Data http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14143.php BRUSSELS (Dow Jones--The European Commission Wednesday proposed new rules for telecommunications companies to store fixed line and internet call data as part of tough new anti-terrorism measures. ... Nokia Says Sales Top 1 Billion Handsets http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14144.php HELSINKI (AP)--Nokia Corp. (NOK), the world's largest mobile phone maker, said Wednesday it has sold more than 1 billion handsets and estimated that more than 2 billion people use mobile phones worldwide. ... Qualcomm Boosts 4Q, FY05 View On Strong Demand http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14145.php Qualcomm Inc. (QCOM) boosted its fourth-quarter and fiscal 2005 guidance, based on strong market demand for its 3G Code Division Multiple Access and other wireless technology. ... Siemens Statement On Com Unit Restructuring Thursday-IG Metall http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14146.php German technology company Siemens AG (SI) is set to make a statement Thursday after reaching an agreement with employee representatives on the restructuring of the ailing telecommunications equipment unit, or Com, IG Met... ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 13:24:28 EDT From: USTelecom dailyLead <ustelecom@dailylead.com> Subject: Verizon Signs Disney for TV Service USTelecom dailyLead September 22, 2005 http://www.dailylead.com/latestIssue.jsp?i=24823&l=2017006 TODAY'S HEADLINES NEWS OF THE DAY * Verizon signs Disney for TV service BUSINESS & INDUSTRY WATCH * Study: Broadband penetration growth slows * Alltel may spin off local phone business * Vonage urged to consider sale * Dell in wireless broadband deal with Cingular Wireless * EarthLink gets into VoIP game * Sprint moves business customers to IP network * Sprint Nextel raises merger-savings projection USTELECOM SPOTLIGHT * Think TELECOM '05 is not for you? Think Again. TECHNOLOGY TRENDS * Verizon tests fuel cell technology to cut power costs * Microsoft lagging in search battle * Intel sets WiMAX tests for three Asian countries * Wireless TV is on the way REGULATORY & LEGISLATIVE * Judge approves WorldCom payout * The tech docket * Opinion: New emergency communications network should go beyond radio Follow the link below to read quick summaries of these stories and others. http://www.dailylead.com/latestIssue.jsp?i=24823&l=2017006 ------------------------------ From: handle with care <tkrill@ameritech.net> Subject: Re: SBC Cutting Work Force; Blames Competition Date: 22 Sep 2005 09:57:39 -0700 Organization: http://groups.google.com How do we get more people that work for SBC in the midwest and Wisconsin to post? [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Begin by making sure they are aware that this list exists, and encourage them to use it. I personally have no love lost for SBC, but I certainly do not discriminate against any SBC (or other telco) employee who wishes to post here. One difficulty these days is there are _so many_ various lists and discussion groups on telphony subjects around the net; no one could begin (or would wish to) post in every single one of them. This is not like fifteen or twenty years ago on the net, where there was but a single discussion forum for telecom topics (comp.dcom.telecom) and everyone used it. By all means, let them know I am still around also, but do not spam to do it. PAT] ------------------------------ From: DevilsPGD <spamsucks@crazyhat.net> Subject: Re: Louisiana Official Caught Ripping Off Donations Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 02:11:17 -0600 Organization: Disorganized In message <telecom24.432.3@telecom-digest.org> Associated Press News Wire <ap@telecom-digest.org> wrote: > Police found cases of food, clothing and tools intended for hurricane > victims at the home of the chief administrative officer for a New > Orleans suburb, authorities said Wednesday. > Officers searched Cedric Floyd's home because of complaints that city > workers were helping themselves to donations for hurricane > victims. Floyd, who runs the day-to-day operations in the suburb of > Kenner, was in charge of distributing the goods. > Police plan to seek a charge of committing an illegal act as a public > official against Floyd, and more charges against other city workers > are possible, police Capt. Steve Caraway said. That seems like an odd reaction. Perhaps he should be airdropped just ahead of Rita and we'll call it even? [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: If we wish to be consistent here, we need to remember all the looting in general which took place over several days there. And the 'city workers' who were helping themselves to the lately-given donations, etc were not doing much different, except perhaps it is okay to loot a store with merchandise for sale at a profit, but not okay to loot merchandise intended for give-away to the victims. Also recall, many of the city workers involved were also themselves victims and were entitled to the same help as the other victims were receiving. My thought would be since the city workers were staying on the job trying to assist the other victims, perhaps some 'professional courtesy' reciprocation should be allowed (i.e. they get first pick of the donations, etc just as they are getting the first pick of the temporary mobile homes as they become available.) Just don't get greedy about it or make a big issue of showing the other victims what is happening. PAT] ------------------------------ From: J Kelly <jkelly@*newsguy.com> Subject: Re: Roaming Charges Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 10:41:07 -0500 Organization: http://newsguy.com Reply-To: jkelly@*newsguy.com On Tue, 20 Sep 2005 23:52:16 GMT, Ken Abrams <k_ab rams@[REMOVETHIS] sbcglobal.net> wrote: > J Kelly <jkelly@*newsguy.com> wrote: >> On 16 Sep 2005 05:33:58 -0000, John Levine <johnl@iecc.com> wrote: >>>> This raises a question I thought of recently, but had not bothered to >>>> ask anyone about. Suppose I start a cell call in local but move to a >>>> roaming tower during the call? Does the call get charged as roaming >>>> or not? >>> I doubt you'd get a handoff in a situation like that. It'd drop the >>> call and you'd call back. >> I worked for a small cellular carrier about 7 years ago. I would >> routinely test handoffs from our network to the network adjacent to >> us. > If this was 7 years ago, I'm guessing it was analog service; it > certainly was not GSM. I'd be interested to see what happens on some > of those calls today using GSM service. Often things touted as "new > and improved" aren't. That's my impression of GSM, at least the way > it is being implemented now. While it is hard for a user to tell when > a call is handed off to another site, I don't think I have ever had a > successful hand-off with GSM. I have, however, had a LOT of calls > dropped when moving ... sometimes just a few feet. It was analog. I've used GSM (we got GSM here in 1997, btw). Worked great. Never handed off between networks with it (there is no other network to hand to) but routinely would drive 50+ miles on the same call and not drop. And I know that CDMA can hand off, either soft or hard. I'm guessing here, but it probably has to do a hard handoff between networks (or other MTSOs on the same network) while a soft handoff can occur between sites on the same MTSO. ------------------------------ TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly to telecomm- unications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of networks such as Compuserve and America On Line, Yahoo Groups, and other forums. It is also gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the moderated newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'. TELECOM Digest is a not-for-profit, mostly non-commercial educational service offered to the Internet by Patrick Townson. All the contents of the Digest are compilation-copyrighted. You may reprint articles in some other media on an occasional basis, but please attribute my work and that of the original author. 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Any organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages should not be considered any official expression by the organization. End of TELECOM Digest V24 #433 ****************************** | |