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TELECOM Digest Sat, 22 Oct 2005 14:32:00 EDT Volume 24 : Issue 481 Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson RIM Ruling Risks US Blackberry Shutdown (Jeffrey Hodgson) More U.S. Lawmakers Want Control of Internet (Andy Sulivan) More Katrina Fraud (U.S. Newswire) Amex Sues CEO of Communications Company Over Strip Club Bill (Samuel Maull) Re: Cellular-News for Friday 21st October 2005 (Joseph) Re: Google Loses Name 'gmail' in Lawsuit Against Company (DevilsPGD) Re: Voice Calls Will be Completely Free in a Few Years (Dave Close) Re: Virgin Mobile Unusual Charges (Joseph) Re: Virgin Mobile Unusual Charges (Barry Margolin) Telecom and VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) Digest for the Internet. All contents here are copyrighted by Patrick Townson and the individual writers/correspondents. Articles may be used in other journals or newsgroups, provided the writer's name and the Digest are included in the fair use quote. By using -any name or email address- included herein for -any- reason other than responding to an article herein, you agree to pay a hundred dollars to the recipients of the email. =========================== Addresses herein are not to be added to any mailing list, nor to be sold or given away without explicit written consent. Chain letters, viruses, porn, spam, and miscellaneous junk are definitely unwelcome. We must fight spam for the same reason we fight crime: not because we are naive enough to believe that we will ever stamp it out, but because we do not want the kind of world that results when no one stands against crime. Geoffrey Welsh =========================== See the bottom of this issue for subscription and archive details and the name of our lawyer; other stuff of interest. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Jeffrey Hodgson <reuters@telecom-digest.org> Subject: RIM Ruling Risks US Blackberry Shutdown Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2005 12:05:31 -0500 By Jeffrey Hodgson Research in Motion Ltd. moved closer on Friday to an injunction that could halt U.S. sales of its popular BlackBerry wireless device after it lost a bid to suspend a patent case against it. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied RIM's motion to stay the case until the U.S. Supreme Court decided whether to accept RIM's request for an appeal. The case goes back to 2002, when patent holding company NTP successfully sued RIM in a lower court. It won an injunction in 2003 to halt U.S. sales of the BlackBerry and shut down its service, although that ruling was stayed pending appeal. The appeals court scaled back the initial ruling, but still concluded that RIM infringed on NTP patents. RIM shares sank earlier this month when the appeals court refused to reconsider the matter further. The case will now move back to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia where it was first heard by Judge James Spencer. NTP said on Friday it will ask the court to confirm the injunction. It said an injunction would not affect BlackBerry products used by U.S. federal, state, or local governments, where the wireless email device has become increasingly popular. RIM said it believed an injunction was inappropriate but added: "It ultimately will be up to the courts to decide these matters and there can never be an assurance of a favorable outcome in any litigation." The Waterloo, Ontario-based firm will also ask the U.S. Supreme Court to suspend proceedings pending a possible review, although it acknowledged this was "generally uncommon." FAILED SETTLEMENT RIM and NTP reached a $450 million settlement on the dispute in March, but the deal fell apart in June. RIM wants the lower court to enforce the agreement. Canaccord Capital analyst Peter Misek said there was now a 50 percent chance RIM and NTP may reach a settlement of between $450 million to $1 billion. He said there was a 20 percent chance that an injunction is issued. "We believe the impact of an injunction to RIM would be severe. We would guess that the stock could fall $20 to $50 per share," Misek said in a note to clients. RIM shares closed down 3.6 percent, or $2.32, at $62.34 on Nasdaq on volume of more than 13.2 million. In Toronto, the stock lost C$1.75 to close at C$74. American Technology Research analyst Rob Sanderson said the latest ruling should not come as a surprise. "What RIM was asking was to not move this case forward until the Supreme Court can decide. That request is almost never granted, so it's not unexpected," he said. He said decisions for the lower court judge will include whether to reconfirm the injunction, whether to stay it pending review, and whether the earlier settlement was valid. Sanderson said RIM may have helped its position by showing it was willing to settle, as courts prefer to see settlements in such cases. He also noted that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office recently finished reexamining eight NTP patents and issued initial rulings rejecting 100 percent of the claims. Those rulings are not final and NTP has said it plans to see the full reexamination process through, which could take years. Some analysts have said that until that process is complete, the patents remain valid in the eyes of the court. Copyright 2005 Reuters Limited. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. ------------------------------ From: Andy Sullivan <reuters@telecom-digest.org> Subject: More Lawmakers Back U.S. Control of Internet Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2005 12:09:49 -0500 By Andy Sullivan Three lawmakers in the U.S. House of Representatives called on Friday for the Internet's core infrastructure to remain under U.S. control, essentially ICANN, echoing similar language introduced in the Senate earlier this week. The resolution, introduced by two Republicans and one Democrat, aims to line up Congress firmly behind the Bush administration as it heads for a showdown with much of the rest of the world over control of the global computer network. "Turning the Internet over to countries with problematic human-rights records, muted free-speech laws, and questionable taxation practices will prevent the Internet from remaining the thriving medium it has become today," said California Republican Rep. John Doolittle in a statement. Doolittle introduced the resolution with Virginia Republican Rep. Bob Goodlatte and Virginia Democratic Rep. Rick Boucher. Countries including Brazil and Iran want an international body to oversee the addressing system that guides traffic across the Internet, which is currently overseen by a California nonprofit body -- ICANN -- that answers to the U.S. Department of Commerce. The European Union withdrew its support of the current system last month, and the issue is expected to come to a head at a U.N. summit meeting in Tunisia in November. The Bush administration has made clear that it intends to maintain control. If a settlement is not reached, Internet users in different parts of the globe could potentially wind up at different Web sites when they type an address into their browsers. U.S. lawmakers have backed the Bush administration's stance, arguing that a U.N. group would stifle innovation with excessive bureaucracy and enable repressive regimes to curtail free expression online. Top Republicans and Democrats on the House Commerce Committee sent a letter of support to the Bush administration earlier this month. In the Senate, Minnesota Republican Norm Coleman has introduced a resolution supporting the administration's stance. "The United States is uniquely positioned in the world to protect the fundamental principles of free press and free speech, upon which the Internet has thrived," Goodlatte said in a statement. The United States has not always taken a hands-off approach to Internet regulation. In August the Commerce Department asked the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, the California body that oversees domain names, to postpone action on a proposed .xxx domain for sex sites. Copyright 2005 Reuters Limited. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Things are looking sort of grim for the countries which want to see a non-ICANN controlled, non-business dominated internet. It would appear that Vint Cerf gets to retain control unless some philanthropist(s) comes along to develop a new system of root servers, and encourage webmasters to go along with them. PAT] ------------------------------ From: U.S. News Wire <newswire@telecom-digest.org> Subject: More Katrina Fraud Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2005 12:14:08 -0500 Feds Charge Atlanta Woman With Filing Two False Claims For FEMA Hurricane Victims Funds Contact: David E. Nahmias or F. Gentry Shelnutt through Patrick Crosby, Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Attorney's Office, 404-581-6016 WASHINGTON, Oct. 21 /U.S. Newswire/ -- David E. Nahmias, United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia; Gregory Jones, Special Agent in Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation; Martin Phanco, Inspector in Charge, United States Postal Inspection Service; and Richard L. Skinner, Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security, today announced the arrest of JOZELL LOIS DICKERSON, 35, of Lawrenceville, Georgia. DICKERSON is charged in a federal indictment with aggravated identity theft, stealing money from the United States government, making false claims, and using a false social security number, in connection with two false claims made to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for $4,000 in relief funds available to victims of Hurricane Katrina. According to Nahmias, the indictment and information presented in court today: DICKERSON, who was not a resident of New Orleans at the time of Hurricane Katrina, used two different New Orleans addresses and the social security number of another person within a span of one week to make two false claims for FEMA monies meant for Hurricane Katrina victims. September 8, 2005, DICKERSON made false statements about her "New Orleans" residence in a call to FEMA, and gave her actual social security number. On September 14, DICKERSON again called in to FEMA making false statements and used a false social security number. DICKERSON received a $2,000 electronic funds transfer on September 12 and another $2,000 electronic funds transfer on September16. DICKERSON faces a mandatory minimum of two years in prison on the aggravated identity theft charge, in addition to a potential maximum penalty of up to 20 years in federal prison on the additional charges, and a maximum fine of over $1 million. U.S. Attorney David Nahmias said of the case: "To date, U.S. Attornies across the country have brought more than 40 federal prosecutions as part of the Hurricane Katrina Fraud Task Force. This is the second Katrina fraud case filed by this office. This defendant allegedly filed not one but two false claims for hurricane victim funds from FEMA, stealing another person's identity to use in making the second false claim. We will not tolerate this sort of fraud, which steals taxpayer dollars intended to help rebuild the lives of the thousands of real victims of these terrible natural disasters." Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales recently created the Hurricane Katrina Fraud Task Force, designed to deter, investigate and prosecute disaster related federal crimes such as charity fraud and insurance. The Hurricane Katrina Fraud Task Force -- chaired by Assistant Attorney General Alice S. Fisher of the Criminal Division -- includes members from the FBI, the Federal Trade Commission, the Postal Inspector's Office, and the Executive Office of the United States Attorneys, among others. Members of the public are reminded that the indictment only contains charges. Under the constitution, the defendant is presumed innocent of the charges and it will be the government's burden to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at trial. This case is being investigated by Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the assistance of Inspectors with the United States Postal Inspection Service and Special Agents with the Department of Homeland Security, Office of the Inspector General. Assistant United States Attorney Richard M. Langway is prosecuting the case. For further information please contact David E. Nahmias (pronounced NAH-me-us), United States Attorney or F. Gentry Shelnutt, Chief, Criminal Division, through Patrick Crosby, Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Attorney's Office, at (404) 581- 6016. The Internet address for the Homepage for the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Georgia is http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/gan http://www.usnewswire.com/ Copyright 2005 U.S. Newswire 202-347-2770/ NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. ------------------------------ From: Samuel Maull <ap@telecom-digest.org> Subject: American Express Sues CEO of Communications Company Over Unpaid Bill Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2005 12:08:14 -0500 By SAMUEL MAULL, Associated Press Writer American Express is suing the CEO of a communications company for payment of $241,000 worth of disputed credit card charges at a Manhattan topless club. American Express says in papers filed in state court that Savvis Inc. chief executive officer Robert A. McCormick was in the club Scores in October 2003 with at least three other men. After McCormick got the $241,000 corporate credit card bill, Savvis called American Express and complained that some of the charges were fraudulent, the lawsuit says. The communications company said its chief disputed all but about $20,000, according to the lawsuit. "We firmly believe that Mr. McCormick was the victim of fraud," said Deena Williamson, Savvis' deputy general counsel. She declined to comment further. Lonnie Hanover, a Scores spokesman, said he had not talked to all of the employees involved with McCormick and could not say what the CEO purchased. The lawsuit filed Wednesday against McCormick and Savvis is at least the third in the past two years involving contested credit card charges at Scores. One patron sued the club after he got a $28,000 bill and another disputed $129,000 in charges. After a lawsuit last year, Hanover said that "high rollers" visiting Scores' "super elite Presidents' Club" spend thousands of dollars on single bottles of champagne and tip strippers as much as $10,000 for lap dances and for spending time with them. The district attorney's office has said it is investigating alleged overcharging at Scores. Hanover said that each time a patron spends $10,000, Scores calls the customer's credit card company to get the charges approved. Scores even fingerprints the customer and requires him to get on the telephone with a credit card representative, he said. "We got authorization for all of the charges," Hanover said of McCormick's visit. "We followed proper procedures and documentation, and we were paid." Court papers say American Express asked McCormick several times to provide in writing his basis for calling the charges fraudulent. McCormick failed to respond, and when he was billed again he once again objected to the charges, the lawsuit says. American Express says McCormick finally responded in writing in September 2004, reiterating that some charges on the Scores bill were bogus, the lawsuit says. Scores has been paid in full, American Express's court papers say, while neither Savvis nor McCormick has paid any of the charges. Failure to pay is a violation of the American Express corporate credit card agreement, court papers say. An American Express spokeswoman, Judy Tenzer, said she had no comment. Copyright 2005 The Associated Press. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. For additional headlines and news from Associated Press, please go to: http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/newstoday.html For stories from Christian Science Monitor and New York Times and other presses, please go to: http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/nytimes.html [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: I am reminded of the former Treasurer of the University of Illinois (in the early 1990's) who ripped off about a million dollars from an obscure, seldom used (but not entirely forgotten about) account at University of Illinois and spent it all in an infamous strip club/topless dancing place on Mannheim Road in the Chicago area. This 63-year old fellow, Treasurer/Trustee/VIP at the University of Illinois was punished severely when internal auditors at U of I caught up with him. U of I even tried to recover the money by suing the strip club and they wound up settling with the topless strip joint for about six hundred thousand dollars. It was quite a big stink at the time. Many Chicagoans probably remember it happening. PAT] ------------------------------ From: Joseph <JoeOfSeattle@yahoo.com> Subject: Re: Cellular-News for Friday 21st October 2005 Date: Fri, 21 Oct 2005 18:22:39 -0700 Reply-To: JoeOfSeattle@yahoo.com Be aware that cellular-news.com now charges 50 pounds which at current conversion rates is $88.40 today. On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 07:43:22 -0500, Cellular-News <dailydigest@cellular-news-mail.com> wrote: > Cellular-News - http://www.cellular-news.com > The Ultra Low Cost Cellular Market: Ignore it at Your Peril > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14501.php > While 80% of the world's population lives within range of a cellular > network, only 25% of it subscribes to a mobile phone service. This > means there are upwards of three billion potential customers for > cellular. That, says Alan Varghese, ABI Research'... > China Mobile Phone Market Expected to Exceed 400 Million Users by Year End 2005 > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14500.php > T-Bay Holdings says that according to recent reports, the market for > mobile phone users in mainland China is expected to exceed 400 million > by the end of 2005. As announced on September 9, 2005, T-Bay Holdings, > Inc. acquired a 95% stake in Shanghai S... > Worldwide Mobile Phone Market Breaks 200 Million Unit Mark in 3Q05 > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14499.php > New product introductions, portfolio refreshes, and exciting new form > factors helped spur growth in the worldwide mobile phone market during > the third quarter of 2005. According to IDC's Worldwide Quarterly > Mobile Phone Tracker, worldwide mobile phon... > Mobile Pictures Driving New Consumer Push for Convergence > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14498.php > Convergence is finding traction in mobile phones, with one-fourth of > all USA Internet households willing to use a high-resolution camera > phone as their primary camera, according to the forthcoming report > "Mobile Market Intelligence" from Parks Associ... > FOCUS: Russia's MTS offers new tariffs, to abandon Jeans soon > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14497.php > Russia's largest mobile operator Mobile TeleSystems, or MTS, announced > Wednesday that starting Friday it would offer a new line of > tariffs. MTS decided to abandon the prepaid tariffs under the Jeans > brand and focus on the development of the single ... > Tele.ring Confirms CEO Approached For E-Plus Job > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14496.php > Michael Krammer, the chief executive of Austrian telecommunications > company Tele.ring, has received job offers from several companies > including E-Plus, a Tele.ring spokesman said Thursday. ... > German Prosecutors Contest Acquittals In Mannesmann Case > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14495.php > KARLSRUHE, Germany (AP)--Prosecutors Thursday contested the acquittal > of Germany's most prominent banker and five others over large payments > to executives during the 2000 takeover of Mannesmann by Vodafone Group > PLC (VOD). ... > Motorola Sues New CEO At Nortel > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14494.php > Motorola Inc. has sued to block former Chief Financial Officer Mike > Zafirovski from taking the top job at rival Nortel Networks Corp. ... > Nokia Battles Branding Issues In Music-phone Revolution > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14493.php > [Premium] Nokia is determined to be part of the music-phone > revolution, though lack of brand appeal could hinder. ... > China Mobile, Telecom Post Strong Jan-Sep Results > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14492.php > China's top telecommunication companies Thursday reported earnings for > the first three quarters, with the leading mobile operator continuing > to post strong growth in a further sign that mobile services are > substituting for fixed-line services. ... > EU Court:EUR1.2 Million German Fee For O2 Phone Numbers Illegal > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14491.php > The European Court of Justice Thursday ruled that Germany wasn't > entitled to charge the German unit of phone company O2 PLC a EUR1.2 > million fee for the allocation of phone numbers. ... > Nokia Raises Market Outlook After 3Q Profit Jump > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14490.php > Nokia Corp. (NOK) Thursday raised its forecast for the global handset > market after third-quarter earnings were boosted by rising demand for > phones with cameras and music players and growth in emerging > markets. ... > Willcom Ties With Sharp,Microsoft In Japan Smartphone Operations > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14489.php > Telecom service provider Willcom Inc. said Thursday it will team up > with Sharp Corp. (6753.TO) and Microsoft Corp. (MSFT) to launch the > first Japanese handheld communications device using the latest > "Windows Mobile" operating system. ... > Siemens Gets EUR70 Million Mobile Technology Order > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14488.php > The communications unit of German technology company Siemens AG (SI) > has received a EUR70 million order to expand the network capacity of > Indonesian mobile operator Telkomsel. ... > O2 To Launch HSDPA Next Month > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14487.php > O2 PLC (OOM.LN), the U.K. mobile telecommunications company, Thursday > said it will launch a faster third-generation, or 3G, network in the > Isle of Man on November 1. ... > France Telecom Buys Orange Slovakia Minority Holders > http://www.cellular-news.com/story/14486.php > France Telecom (FTE) said Thursday it has reached an agreement with > minority shareholders in Orange Slovakia to buy shares it doesn't > already own, boosting its stake in the mobile phone operator to 100% > from 63.88%. ... [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Isn't that charge you quoted above only to read the items marked 'premium' in their daily stories? I think the vast majority of their stuff is still free, is it not? PAT] ------------------------------ From: DevilsPGD <spamsucks@crazyhat.net> Subject: Re: Google Loses Name 'gmail' in Lawsuit Against Company Date: Fri, 21 Oct 2005 21:29:26 -0600 Organization: Disorganized In message <telecom24.475.6@telecom-digest.org> Barry Margolin <barmar@alum.mit.edu> wrote: > In article <telecom24.474.1@telecom-digest.org>, Reuters News Wire > <reuters@telecom-digest.org> wrote: >> Google has already changed the name of its email service from Gmail to >> Googlemail in Germany, but said it does not plan to change the name in >> any other countries. > I'm surprised that Google is so wedded to the Gmail name. Most of > their other products and services seem to be called Google something: > Google Earth, Goole Maps, Google Desktop, Google Groups, for instance. > One of their most valuable assets is the Google brand, so it seems > strange that they don't want to use it for this service. When it comes to email addresses (And to a lessor extent URLs in general), length is important. ------------------------------ From: Dave Close <dave@compata.com> Subject: Re: Voice Calls Will be Completely Free in a Few Years Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2005 05:44:52 UTC Organization: Compata, Costa Mesa, California Reuters News Wire <reuters@telecom-digest.org> writes: > In a few short years, users can expect to make telephone calls for > free, with no per-minute charges, as part of a package of services > through which carriers make money on advertising or transaction fees, > eBay's chief executive said on Wednesday. And some of those reading and contributing to this list will /still/ demand that one-plus dialing be required for "toll" calls. Calls may become free, but any guesses on when the PUCs will eliminate rate centers? Is there anyone at a PUC who even tries to see the future? Dave Close, Compata, Costa Mesa CA "Greed is to the moralists of the dave@compata.com, +1 714 434 7359 left what sex is to the moralists dhclose@alumni.caltech.edu of the right." - Cathy Young ------------------------------ From: Joseph <JoeOfSeattle@yahoo.com> Subject: Re: Virgin Mobile Unusual Charges Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2005 08:26:59 -0700 Reply-To: JoeOfSeattle@yahoo.com On Fri, 21 Oct 2005 22:27:18 GMT, tom.horsley@att.net (Thomas A. Horsley) wrote: > I never use the full $20 in each 3 month period anyway, why > on earth would I want to top up more than a few hours before the > deadline? (Could it be so that virgin mobile gets more money in the > bank sooner? :-). Maybe if there was a reason you couldn't add minutes at the very last possible minute. If you fail to add minutes by the expiration time you will lose any minutes you have banked on your account. If losing any accumulated minutes on your account isn't important to you just let it go. When the expiration time comes and goes without any money all that will happen is that you'll lose any banked time and your phone will cease to work until you fill it with more time. I gave a friend of mine a prepaid account with over $220 in credit. I cautioned him that if he failed to refill by the due date that he'd lose all the money in the account. Well, he forgot to fill (even though five days before your account expires you get a message every time you place a call warning you of it) and he didn't. He lost the whole deal. ------------------------------ From: Barry Margolin <barmar@alum.mit.edu> Subject: Re: Virgin Mobile Unusual Charges Organization: Symantec Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2005 12:29:35 -0400 In article <telecom24.480.6@telecom-digest.org>, tom.horsley@att.net (Thomas A. Horsley) wrote: >> Anyone else notice anything unusual on their Virgin Web logs? Before >> I call them, I would like to know if I am the only one. > No mysterious charges for my vmobl phone. The only thing I get is > annoying emails and calls to my alternate line trying to convince me > that I need to "top up" starting about 3 weeks before the actual > deadline. I never use the full $20 in each 3 month period anyway, why > on earth would I want to top up more than a few hours before the > deadline? (Could it be so that virgin mobile gets more money in the > bank sooner? :-). It's even worse, they get more *total* money, since the next 3-month period starts when you top up, not when the previous 3-month period runs out. So if you top up when they first warn you, you'll end up spending $100/year instead of only $80. I just topped up this morning, and discovered that I can save $5/quarter by signing up for the auto-top-up. If you do this, the requirement is dropped to $15, and they'll automatically top up every 90 days or when the balance drops below $5, whichever is first. Since my balance is now over $70, I don't think the low balance condition will ever hit me, even though they've raised the per-minute rates (it used to be 25 cents/min for the first 4 minutes in a day, 10 cents/min thereafter, but now the 25 cent rate last for the first 10 minutes, so I'll never see the 4 cent rate). Barry Margolin, barmar@alum.mit.edu Arlington, MA *** PLEASE post questions in newsgroups, not directly to me *** ------------------------------ TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly to telecomm- unications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of networks such as Compuserve and America On Line, Yahoo Groups, and other forums. It is also gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the moderated newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'. TELECOM Digest is a not-for-profit, mostly non-commercial educational service offered to the Internet by Patrick Townson. All the contents of the Digest are compilation-copyrighted. You may reprint articles in some other media on an occasional basis, but please attribute my work and that of the original author. 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Any organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages should not be considered any official expression by the organization. End of TELECOM Digest V24 #481 ****************************** | |